外博词典，懂英语单词快速记忆法的在线英语词典

Nepal （尼泊尔）：高山上的村落

尼泊尔位于喜马拉雅山脉南麓，是个山地国家。尼泊尔的英文名Nepal来自梵语Nepala，据说由nipat (飞落）和alaya (房屋）组成而成，字面意思就是“从高处飞落的房屋”，表示其房屋大多构建在高山之上。

nephew 侄子，外甥

来自希腊语nepos，姐妹的子女，来自PIE*nepot，孙子，孙女，词源同niece.

该词起源于意大利。中世纪，在罗马天主教会中重用亲属之风盛极一时。主教们，尤其是教皇，因无子嗣，常常凭借权势偏袒乃至重用其私生子或侄甥，委任他们为教士，甚至授予他们待遇优厚的各种高级神职。15世纪一位臭名昭著的教皇一亚历山大六世(Pope Alexander VI．1431 - 1503)将自己亲戚安插在教会最高职位上，例如为巩固其权力他竟然任命年仅16岁的私生子博尔吉亚（Cesare Borgia）为大主教，任命年轻的侄甥乔凡尼( Giovanni)为主教。他任人唯亲的这一做法影响极坏，招致广泛的批评和指责。在英语中侄甥作nephew，教士的私生子也婉称nephew，该词源于拉丁语nepos；而重用私生子或侄甥则被世人戏称为nepotism，它源出意大利语nepotismo。嗣后，nepotism不再囿于nephew，而用以泛指“重用亲属”，“任人唯亲”，或表示“裙带关系”。

nepotism （裙带关系）：教会高官起用自己的私生子

中世纪期间，和世俗社会一样，基督教会中也存在严重的腐败问题。一些教会高官生活腐化，不仅贪污腐败，还蓄养情妇。生下私生子后，往往对外宣称是自己的nephew（侄子或外甥）。这些人往往会想方设法把所谓的nephew安排到教会的肥差或重要位置上。人们对此现象十分反感，在拉丁语将其称为nepotismo，其中nepo就是nephew的意思。英语单词nepotism就来源于此。

nepotism 裙带关系

来自PIE*nepot，孙子，孙女，词源同niece，nephew.引申词义裙带关系。

squelch (v.)

1620s, "to fall, drop, or stomp (on something soft) with crushing force," possibly imitative of sound made in the process. The figurative sense of "suppress completely" is first recorded 1864. Related: Squelched; squelching.

squib (n.)

1520s, "short bit of sarcastic writing, witty scoff," of unknown origin. If the meaning "small firework that burns with a hissing noise" (also 1520s) is the original one, the word might be imitative.

squid (n.)

marine mollusk, cuttlefish, 1610s, of unknown origin; perhaps a sailors' variant of squirt, so called for the "ink" it squirts out.

squiggle (v.)

1804, probably a blend of squirm and wriggle. Related: Squiggled; squiggling.

squiggle (n.)

1902, from squiggle (v.). In reference to handwriting, drawing, etc., 1928. Related: Squiggly (1902).

squinch (v.)

1840 (transitive), of faces; intransitive use from 1843. Perhaps related to squinch "narrow opening in a building" (c. 1600). Also compare squink-eyed (1630s), variant of squint-eyed, so perhaps it is at least partly an altered form of squint. Related: Squinched; squinching.

squint (adj.)

1570s, "looking different ways; looking obliquely," shortened form of asquint (adv.). Meaning "looking indirectly" is from 1610s.

squint (v.)

1590s, from squint (adj.). Related: Squinted; squinting.

squint (n.)

"non-coincidence of the optic axes," 1650s, from squint (adj.). Meaning "sidelong glance" is from 1660s.

Squint (adj.)

1570s, "looking different ways; looking obliquely," shortened form of asquint (adv.). Meaning "looking indirectly" is from 1610s.

Squint (v.)

1590s, from squint (adj.). Related: Squinted; squinting.

Squint (n.)

"non-coincidence of the optic axes," 1650s, from squint (adj.). Meaning "sidelong glance" is from 1660s.

squire (n.)

early 13c., "young man who attends a knight," later "member of the landowning class ranking below a knight" (c. 1300), from Old French esquier "squire," literally "shield carrier" (see esquire). Meaning "country gentleman, landed proprietor" is from 1670s; as a general term of address to a gentleman, it is attested from 1828.

squire (v.)

"to attend (a lady) as a gallant," late 14c., from squire (n.). Related: Squired; squiring.

squirm (v.)

1690s, originally referring to eels, of unknown origin; sometimes associated with worm or swarm, but perhaps imitative. Figurative sense "to be painfully affected, to writhe inside" is from 1804. Related: Squirmed; squirming. As a noun from 1839.

squirrel (n.)

early 14c., from Anglo-French esquirel, Old French escurueil "squirrel; squirrel fur" (Modern French écureuil), from Vulgar Latin *scuriolus, diminutive of *scurius "squirrel," variant of Latin sciurus, from Greek skiouros "a squirrel," literally "shadow-tailed," from skia "shadow" (see Ascians) + oura "tail," from PIE root *ors- "buttocks, backside" (see arse). Perhaps the original notion is "that which makes a shade with its tail," but Beekes writes that this "looks like a folk etymology rather than a serious explanation." The Old English word was acweorna, which survived into Middle English as aquerne.

squirrel (v.)

"to hoard up, store away" (as a squirrel does nuts), 1939, from squirrel (n.). Related: Squirreled; squirreling.

今日词源

sociable 好交际的，合群的

social 社会的，社交的，交际的

social 社会(上)的；社交的，喜爱交际的

socialism 社会主义

socialist 社会主义者

socialite 社交名流

socialization 社会化过程

socialize 使社会(主义)化；使适合社会需要

socialize 使社会化

societal 关于社会的

society 社会；会，社，协会，学会，团体

society 社会，群体

sociolect 群体语言

sociologist 社会学研究者，社会学家

sociology 社会学

sociopath 反社会者

sock 短袜，用拳头猛击，重击

socket 插座

socket 孔，槽，窝，穴，插座

Socratic （苏格拉底的）：向助产婆一样引导人们产生知识的苏格拉底

sodality 伴侣，联谊会

sodden 湿透的，浸透的

sodding 他妈的

sodium 钠

sodomite 鸡奸者

sodomize 鸡奸行为

sodomy 鸡奸

sofa 沙发

soft 柔软的，柔和的

soften 变软，软化，减轻

software 软件

soggy 潮湿的，湿而软的

soignee 优雅的，讲究的

soil 污泥，土壤，粪泥，肥料，弄脏，玷污

soil 大地，陆地，国土，领土

soiree 晚会，聚会

sojourn 逗留，暂住

Sol 太阳神

solace 安慰，慰藉

solar 太阳的

solar 太阳的，日光的

solarium 日光浴室

solarium 日光浴室，日晷

solder 焊接，焊合

soldier （军人）：古罗马领取军饷的职业军人

soldier 士兵，军人

soldier 战士，士兵

sole 单独的，唯一的，全权处理的

sole 脚掌，鳎（一种可食用比目鱼）

sole 单独的，唯一的；独有的，专有的

solecism 文理不通，语法错误，失礼

solecism 语法错误，文理不通，失礼，无礼

solely 独自地，单独地

solemn 仪式的，庄严的，郑重的，严肃的

solemn 庄严的；隆重的

solemn 庄严的，隆重的，严肃的

solemnity 庄严，郑重，礼仪，仪式

solemnity 庄重，严肃；庄严的仪式

solenoid 电磁线圈，螺线管，电磁铁

solicit 麻烦，打扰，请求，恳求，求助，招嫖，拉客

solicitor 事务律师，法务官

solicitous 焦急的，操心的，关心的，关切的

solicitude 关心，关切

solid 整个的，完整的，固体的，坚硬的，团结的，纯的

solid 固体的，实心的，坚固的，结实的，立体的，可靠的，一致的，纯粹的

solidarity 团结一致；休戚相关

solidarity 团结，一致

solidify 使凝固；使硬；使结晶；使团结一致；充实，巩固

solidify 使凝固，使结实

solidity 结实，可靠；团结一致

solidity 固态，坚固性

solidus 古罗马金币

soliloquy 独白

soliloquy 自言自语，独白

solipsism 唯我论

solipsistic 唯我论的，唯我的

solitaire 单人跳棋

solitary (人)孤寂的，独自的；(物)孤立的，唯一的

solitary 单独的，独自的，孤单的

solitude 独处，独居

solitude 孤单，寂寞，偏僻

solo 独奏的，独唱的

solo 独唱(曲)，独奏(曲)

soloist 独奏者，独唱者

Solomon （智者）：智慧超群的所罗门

Solomon 所罗门王，智者

Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛

solstice 至点，夏至或冬至

solubility 可溶性，溶解性，浓度

soluble 可溶的

soluble 可溶的，可解决的

solution 解决办法，解答；溶解，溶液

solution 溶解，解决方法

solvate 使(分子，离子)变成溶剂化物

solve 溶解，解决

solve 解决，解答；溶解

solvency 偿付能力，溶解力

solvency 溶解本领；偿付能力

solvent 有偿付能力的，可溶解的

solver 解决者

soma 身体，肉体

somatic 身体的，肉体的

somatosensory 体感，身体感觉的

somber 昏暗的

somber 昏暗的，阴沉的，阴郁的，沮丧的

sombrero 墨西哥宽边帽

some 一些，苦干

some 一些

somersault 空翻，翻筋斗

sometime 有时

sometimes 有时

somnambulate （梦游）：罗马神话中的睡神索莫纳斯

somnambulism 梦游

somnambulist 梦游症患者

somniloquy 说梦话，呓语

somnolent 瞌睡的，犯困的

Somnus 睡神

son 儿子，孩子

son of Bacchus 酒鬼

sonar 声呐

sonar 声纳，声波定位仪

sonata 奏鸣曲

song 歌曲，歌唱

song 歌曲，歌声

songsmith 作曲者，作曲家

sonic 声音的

sonic 声波的，声音的

soniferous 发声音的；传声的

sonnet 十四行诗

sonny 孩子

sonorous 声音雄浑的，浑厚的

sonorous 洪亮的，响亮的

sook 懦夫，胆小鬼

soon 很快，马上

soot 煤烟，油烟

sooth 真实的，抚慰的，真实，事实

soothe 安慰，欣慰，减轻

soothsayer 占卜者，预言家

sooty 炭黑色的

sop 用汤汁浸泡的面包片，小礼物，小贿赂，浸没，浸湿

sop to Cerberus 贿赂

Sophia 索菲亚

sophism 辩论，谬论，诡辩

sophism 诡辩，诡辩术

sophist 智者，哲人，诡辩家

sophist 诡辩家，博学者

sophistic 诡辩的，强词夺理的

sophisticate 使(人)世故，使(人)懂事

sophisticated 老练的，见过世面的，复杂的，先进的，精密的

sophistication 复杂性，精密性

sophistry 诡辩，诡辩术

sophomore 大学二年级学生，高中二年级学生

sophomore 大学二年级学生

sophomoric 一知半解的；肤浅的

sopor 睡觉，昏迷，昏睡，嗜眠症

soporific 催眠的

sopping 湿透的

soppy 多愁善感的，缠绵的

soprano 女高音

sorbet 冰糕，雪糕

sorcerer 术士，巫师

sorceress 女巫

sorcery （魔法）：西方古代的抽签占卜术

sorcery 巫术

sordid 污秽的，肮脏的

sore 疼痛的，痛苦的，酸痛的，疼痛，悲伤

sorely 严重地，非常

sorghum 高粱，高粱米

sororal 姐妹的，姐妹情谊的

sorority 女生联谊会

sorrel 酸模，酸叶草

sorrow 悲伤，悲痛

sorrowful 悲伤的，悲痛的